Successful communication of climate change needs to be tangible, relevant and tailored to its audience, according to new research. The study established 10 key principles for effective communication using a brainstorming exercise between scientists and local government.

For climate change policy to be effective, it must go hand-in-hand with good communication about climate change and its impacts. One of the most important links in the communication chain is between scientists and policy makers, including local government. In the USA the natural resource agencies are responsible for the protection of public land, such as national parks. They are also responsible for communicating issues around land management and the impacts of climate change.

The study summarised the findings from a three-day workshop on the challenges and opportunities associated with communicating the impacts of climate change on public lands in the western United States. 41 scientists and public land managers investigated methods on communicating climate change and its impacts to both visitors and stakeholders to ensure this important issue is addressed.

One of the biggest challenges to communication was that there were few local examples of climate change in the western United States. Lack of concern and lack of responsibility were also major barriers. From the debate and brainstorm a number of insights on communication emerged. For example, 'doom and gloom' messages can raise awareness but can also discourage people from taking action. To provoke preventative and adaptive action, climate change must be linked to values, beliefs and attitudes.

The participants identified nine key messages from the brainstorming session about climate change that they wished to communicate, ranging from 'Human choices have an impact on climate change' to 'Addressing climate change will require a combination of actions at multiple scales'. After considering the specific audiences they wanted to target, they developed 10 key communication strategies:

1. Know your audience and select a believable messenger for that audience
2. Know why your message is appropriate for your audience
3. Connect your message to cultural values and beliefs
4. Make the message meaningful by appealing to values that are meaningful to your audience
5. Make the message empowering with specific actions so your audience feel they can make a difference
6. Encourage your audience to think about the relationships and connections between climate, resources and themselves
7. Partner with other organisations
8. Start from the inside and involve your organisation's leaders before communicating
9. Communicate about actions and use events as a mode of communication
10. Situate the issue in a specific location and place

Although the principles were developed in the context of land management, it was suggested they would be relevant for other situations.